► |  | The Racket Reference

1 | Language Model
2 | Notation for Documentation
3 | Syntactic Forms
4 | Datatypes
5 | Structures
6 | Classes and Objects
7 | Units
8 | Contracts
9 | Pattern Matching
10 | Control Flow
11 | Concurrency and Parallelism
12 | Macros
13 | Input and Output
14 | Reflection and Security
15 | Operating System
16 | Memory Management
17 | Unsafe Operations
18 | Running Racket
| Bibliography
| Index

▼ | 12 | Macros

12.1 | Pattern-Based Syntax Matching
12.2 | Syntax Object Content
12.3 | Syntax Object Bindings
12.4 | Syntax Transformers
12.5 | Syntax Parameters
12.6 | Local Binding with Splicing Body
12.7 | Syntax Object Properties
12.8 | Syntax Taints
12.9 | Expanding Top-Level Forms
12.10 | File Inclusion
12.11 | Syntax Utilities

► | 12.9 | Expanding Top-Level Forms

12.9.1 | Information on Expanded Modules

On this page:

expand
expand-syntax
expand-once
expand-syntax-once
expand-to-top-form
expand-syntax-to-top-form
12.9.1`` Information on Expanded Modules

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#### 12.9`` Expanding Top-Level Forms

> procedure (expand top-level-form) → syntax?
> top-level-form : any/c

Expands all non-primitive syntax in top-level-form, and returns a syntax object for the expanded form that contains only core forms, matching the grammar specified by Fully Expanded Programs.

Before top-level-form is expanded, its lexical context is enriched with namespace-syntax-introduce, just as for eval. Use syntax->datum to convert the returned syntax object into a printable datum.

Here’s an example of using expand on a module:

> (parameterize ([current-namespace (make-base-namespace)])
> (expand
> (datum->syntax
> #f
> '(module foo scheme
> (define a 3)
> (+ a 4)))))

Here’s an example of using expand on a non-top-level form:

> (define-namespace-anchor anchor)
> (parameterize ([current-namespace
> (namespace-anchor->namespace anchor)])
> (expand
> (datum->syntax
> #f
> '(delay (+ 1 2)))))

> procedure (expand-syntax stx) → syntax?
> stx : syntax?

Like (expand stx), except that the argument must be a syntax object, and its lexical context is not enriched before expansion.

> procedure (expand-once top-level-form) → syntax?
> top-level-form : any/c

Partially expands top-level-form and returns a syntax object for the partially-expanded expression. Due to limitations in the expansion mechanism, some context information may be lost. In particular, calling expand-once on the result may produce a result that is different from expansion via expand.

Before top-level-form is expanded, its lexical context is enriched with namespace-syntax-introduce, as for eval.

> procedure (expand-syntax-once stx) → syntax?
> stx : syntax?

Like (expand-once stx), except that the argument must be a syntax object, and its lexical context is not enriched before expansion.

> procedure (expand-to-top-form top-level-form) → syntax?
> top-level-form : any/c

Partially expands top-level-form to reveal the outermost syntactic form. This partial expansion is mainly useful for detecting top-level uses of begin. Unlike the result of expand-once, expanding the result of expand-to-top-form with expand produces the same result as using expand on the original syntax.

Before stx-or-sexpr is expanded, its lexical context is enriched with namespace-syntax-introduce, as for eval.

> procedure (expand-syntax-to-top-form stx) → syntax?
> stx : syntax?

Like (expand-to-top-form stx), except that the argument must be a syntax object, and its lexical context is not enriched before expansion.

##### 12.9.1`` Information on Expanded Modules

Information for an expanded module declaration is stored in a set of syntax properties (see Syntax Object Properties) attached to the syntax object:

- 'module-direct-requires — a list of module path indexes (or symbols) representing the modules explicitly imported into the module.

- 'module-direct-for-syntax-requires — a list of module path indexes (or symbols) representing the modules explicitly for-syntax imported into the module.

- 'module-direct-for-template-requires — a list of module path indexes (or symbols) representing the modules explicitly for-template imported into the module.

- 'module-variable-provides — a list of provided items, where each item is one of the following:

  - symbol — represents a locally defined variable that is provided with its defined name.

  - (cons provided-sym defined-sym) — represents a locally defined variable that is provided with renaming; the first symbol is the exported name, and the second symbol is the defined name.

  - (list* module-path-index provided-sym defined-sym) — represents a re-exported and possibly re-named variable from the specified module; module-path-index is either a module path index or symbol (see Compiled Modules and References), indicating the source module for the binding. The provided-sym is the external name for the re-export, and defined-sym is the originally defined name in the module specified by module-path-index.

- 'module-syntax-provides — like 'module-variable-provides, but for syntax exports instead of variable exports.

- 'module-indirect-provides — a list of symbols for variables that are defined in the module but not exported; they may be exported indirectly through macro expansions. Definitions of macro-generated identifiers create uninterned symbols in this list.

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